This historical case checked the retired pressure model, in which pressure was applied as an axial force pA_i on the element and added to the thermal force. The model omitted longitudinal pressure stress. That model is wrong.

In the wall of a pipe held at both ends, temperature causes compression. Pressure causes tension of about νσ_H. These effects act in opposite senses and do not add. On the anchors both push, but the pressure’s share is about (1 − 2ν)pA_i, some 40 % of the closed-end force, not all of it (Part III B, Status).

Fresh solves refuse nonzero legacy pressure. This case remains withdrawn.