Part VI
Verification
W. Withdrawn · Combined axial and transverse loads
This historical case checked the retired pressure model, in which pressure was applied as an axial force pAi on the element and added to the thermal force. The model omitted longitudinal pressure stress. That model is wrong.
In the wall of a pipe held at both ends, temperature causes compression. Pressure causes tension of about νσH. These effects act in opposite senses and do not add. On the anchors both push, but the pressure’s share is about (1 − 2ν)pAi, some 40 % of the closed-end force, not all of it (Part III B, Status).
The transverse part of the case, the patch load solved in bending, is retained as a historical comparison. The axial part used the incorrect pressure model. Fresh solves refuse nonzero legacy pressure. The case remains withdrawn.
The original hand calculation and test record remain in the repository:
validation/hand_calcs/mechanics/tp_phys_009_combined_load_axial_effects.md and
mech-tp-phys-009-combined-load-axial-effects.md.